Философские и методологические проблемы современных исследований «экономики счастья»
Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Modern Research on the "Economics of Happiness"
 
EDN: LGWWWW; УДК: 101.1:316+17.036.24
 
Полный текст статьи
 
Хоружая Светлана Владимировна, Суховерхов Антон Владимирович
Khoruzhaya Svetlana Vladimirovna, Sukhoverkhov Anton Vladimirovich
 
доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры истории и политологии, Кубанский государственный аграрный университет им. И. Т. Трубилина. Россия, г. Краснодар. ORCID: 0000-0003-1257-3415. E-mail: svetlanakhoruzhaya@mail.ru
кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры философии, Кубанский государственный аграрный университет им. И. Т. Трубилина. Россия, г. Краснодар. ORCID: 0000-0002-0357-4013. E-mail: sukhoverkhov.ksau@gmail.com
Doctor of Philosophy, professor of the Department of History and Political Science, Kuban State Agrarian University n. a. I. T. Trubilin. Russia, Krasnodar. ORCID: 0000-0003-1257-3415. E-mail: svetlanakhoruzhaya@mail.ru
PhD in Philosophy, associate professor of the Department of Philosophy, Kuban State Agrarian University n. a. I. T. Trubilin. Russia, Krasnodar. ORCID: 0000-0002-0357-4013. E-mail: sukhoverkhov.ksau@gmail.com
 
Аннотация. Работа посвящена системному анализу и развитию теоретико-методологической базы нового междисциплинарного направления – экономики счастья, также известной как экономика благополучия (economics of well-being). Цели статьи: 1) обобщить данные современных исследований о влиянии уровня дохода, интеллекта, возраста, пола, семейного положения и страны проживания на уровень счастья и субъективную оценку благополучия (well-being); 2) провести сравнительный анализ традиционных философских и современных социально-экономических подходов к исследованию счастья; 3) обосновать, что для современных работ характерен экстернализм в объяснении и понимании природы счастья. Показано, как через анализ субъективных оценок опрашиваемых современные исследователи выявляют внешние факторы, определяющие счастье или способствующие ему. В работе подвергается критическому анализу теория и методология Индекса счастливой планеты (The Happy Planet Index) и Всемирного доклада о счастье. Утверждается, что эти рейтинги отражают разные социальные явления, не связанные напрямую со счастьем. Основной результат исследования – формулировка концепции устойчивого развития общества, учитывающая традиционные философские и интерналистские подходы к счастью, в которых счастье определяется не только вещами, средой или экономикой, но и внутренними факторами: воспитанием, мышлением, правильным отношением к вещам и событиям. В качестве методологических рекомендаций предлагается, дополнительно к социологическим, экономическим и философским аспектам счастья той или иной страны, учитывать природную (генетическую) предрасположенность людей к счастью (природный оптимизм). Область применения результатов работы – совершенствование теории и методологии исследования социальных аспектов счастья, необходимых для принятия эффективных управленческих решений на государственном уровне или на уровне отдельных отраслей экономики.
 
Abstract. The research compares traditional philosophical and modern socioeconomic studies of happiness. It demonstrates that modern research is characterized by externalism in explaining and understanding the nature of happiness. Through the analysis of respondents' subjective assessments, researchers identify external factors that determine or contribute to happiness. The study critically examines the Happy Planet Index and the World Happiness Report. It argues that these indices reflect distinct phenomena, which are not directly related to happiness. Based on recent research, the philosophical, cultural, and national characteristics of happiness in high-ranking countries are analyzed. It is proposed that happiness in Scandinavian countries is characterized by calmness (i.e., comfort and tranquility), while in Latin American countries, it is linked to joy and entertainment. The work also examines various paradoxes of happiness. In particular, it explores why economic and technological development, as well as higher salaries, fail to increase subjective well-being, and how intelligence and happiness are interconnected. The study summarizes current research on how factors such as age, gender, marital status, and country of residence influence happiness. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need to integrate traditional philosophical and internalist approaches to happiness into frameworks for sustainable societal development. These approaches posit that happiness is shaped not only by possessions, the environment, or the economy, but also by internal factors such as education, positive thinking, and cultivating a constructive attitude towards things or events. It is also noted that data on the level of happiness may reflect not only the sociology, economics, and philosophy of happiness in a particular country, but also the natural (genetic) predisposition of people to happiness.
 
Ключевые слова: теории счастья, экономика счастья, утилитаризм, эвдемонизм, методики оценки счастья, индексы счастья, концепции устойчивого развития.
Keywords: theories of happiness, economics of happiness, utilitarianism, eudemonism, hedonism, happiness indices, theories of sustainable development.
 
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