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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник гуманитарного образования</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-2070</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Фракция пилитов: социальный портрет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The social portrait of the Peelites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>aleksandraralmanowa@yandex.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербург</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-e86f9e2f-e103-4112-b1e8-966b95041b2e.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье проведен просопографический анализ фракции пилитов - членов парламента, проголосовавших за введение свободной торговли в Англии в 1846 г., с целью объяснить, какое влияние на голосование имели такие факторы, как избирательный округ, возраст и сфера деятельности парламентария, и выбрать ключевой из них. С помощью количественного метода автором построены и проанализированы шкалы порядка, представленные в виде диаграмм, показывающих пропорциональное распределение пилитов по трем указанным признакам. К анализу также были привлечены письма сельских джентльменов, опубликованные в мемуарах Р. Пиля и демонстрирующие наличие особого этоса данного сословия. Это дополнительно объясняет, почему во фракции преобладали представители земельного интереса, а не торгового, как ожидалось первоначально. Результатом просопографического анализа стал вывод о том, что решающую роль в голосовании 1846 г. сыграло не социальное положение или принадлежность парламентариев к определенному поколению, а потребности избирательных округов, которые они представляли. Зачастую пилиты, в большинстве своем происходившие из среды земельной аристократии, избирались от развивающихся индустриальных и торговых городов, которым была необходима отмена протекционизма. Это можно охарактеризовать как "Тамвортский тренд", запущенный самим Р. Пилем еще в 1834 г. и заключавшийся во внимании политика к избирателю, а также в проведении политики в национальных, а не в партийных или личных интересах. Эта стратегия очень сильно повлияла на формирование того прагматичного стиля управления Р. Пиля, который называют либеральным консерватизмом.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article attempts to consider the social portrait of the Peelite faction through the prism of the prosopographic analysis using such metrics as constituency, age and occupation in order to choose the key voting factor. The author used the quantitative approach to make three charts and analyze the resulting scales of the Peelites. Additionally, the article considers the letters of gentry form Sir R. Peel's Memoirs to prove the existence of a special gentry's ethos and to understand, why the landed interest prevailed in the Faction instead of trading one as it had been previously supposed. The author comes to the following conclusion of the prosopographic analysis: the interests of constituencies were the key voting factor in 1846, instead of the social or generational ones. The most of the Peelites belonged to the gentry class but was elected from different developing industrial cities which required the abandonment of the protection. Therefore, the issue of constitutional advantages mattered more than partial or personal due to the "Tamworth trend" which had been started by Sir Robert Peel himself in 1834. Overall, this strategy meant a national policy despite all partial and personal interests and had an impact on the formation of Sir Robert Peel's pragmatic style of government, known as "liberal conservatism".</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пилиты</kwd><kwd>консерватизм</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>фритред</kwd><kwd>сэр Роберт Пиль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Peelite faction</kwd><kwd>conservatism</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>Free Trade</kwd><kwd>Sir Robert Peel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Айзенштат М. П. Власть и общество Британии 1750–1850 гг. М. : ИВИ РАН, 2009. 398 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Ю. И. Сэр Роберт Пиль и парламентские группировки в Англии в 1846–1850 гг. (по- становка проблемы) // Вестн. С.-Петерб. ун-та. Сер. 2. История. 2016. Вып. 2. 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