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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник гуманитарного образования</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-2070</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Катынь в оценках и политике американского руководства (1940-1953 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Katyn in the assessments and policies of the American leadership (1940-1953)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немчанинов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemchaninov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>nemchaninovdg@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-6349</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov State Medical University</institution><city xml:lang="en">Kirov</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кировский ГМУ Минздрава России</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Киров</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-17"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-56db1ea4-2990-465e-9ef2-24e7c088005c.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье рассматривается американская политика в отношении расстрела польских военнослужащих в Катыни весной 1940 г. Выделены основные детерминанты и этапы эволюции внешнеполитических решений руководства Соединенных Штатов в данном вопросе. Сделаны выводы о влиянии американской заинтересованности в годы Второй мировой войны в сохранении антигитлеровской коалиции и вследствие этого нежелании Вашингтона придавать международной огласке подробности данного события. В послевоенный период происходит ослабление государственного регулирования оценок данных событий и активизация интереса общественности США к теме Катыни. Большую роль в популяризации играли представители польской диаспоры, которые активно проводили сбор и распространение информации о событиях в Катыни. Отдельный интерес представляют действия делегации Соединенных Штатов на Нюрнбергском процессе, не поддержавшей в этом вопросе позицию СССР. На третьем этапе в Конгрессе США формируется специальный комитет для расследования всех обстоятельств гибели польских военнослужащих в Катыни, опубликованные результаты которого вызвали широкий общественный резонанс. Существенное значение при этом имела предвыборная кампания 1952 г. в США, во время которой представители республиканской партии для победы над демократами использовали замалчивание рузвельтовской администрацией имеющихся фактов о событиях в Катыни. Это способствовало привлечению на сторону республиканцев многочисленной группы избирателей - выходцев из восточноевропейских стран. После окончания Корейской войны интерес к данной теме снизился и проявлялся лишь периодически в качестве элемента психологической войны в рамках биполярного противостояния.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>This article considers the American policy regarding the shooting of Polish servicemen in Katyn in the spring of 1940. The main determinants and stages of evolution of foreign policy decisions of the United States leadership on this issue are highlighted. Conclusions were made about the influence of American interest during World War II in the preservation of the anti-Hitler coalition and, as a result, Washington's reluctance to publicize the details of this event. In the post-war period, there is a weakening of state regulation of assessments of these events and increasing the interest of the American public in the topic of Katyn. Representatives of the Polish diaspora played a major role in the popularization, who actively collected and disseminated information about the events in Katyn. Of particular interest are the actions of the United States delegation at the Nuremberg Trials, which did not support the position of the USSR on this issue. At the third stage, a special committee is formed in the Congress of the United States to investigate all the circumstances of the death of Polish servicemen in Katyn, the published results of which caused a wide public response. The 1952 election campaign in the United States was of significant importance, during which representatives of the Republican Party used the silence of the available facts about the events in Katyn by the F. D. Roosevelt's administration to defeat the Democrats. This contributed to attracting a large group of voters from Eastern European countries to the side of the Republicans. After the end of the Korean War, interest in this topic decreased and intensified only periodically as an element of psychological war within the framework of bipolar confrontation.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>Польша</kwd><kwd>Катынь</kwd><kwd>Госдепартамент</kwd><kwd>советско-американские отношения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>Poland</kwd><kwd>Katyn</kwd><kwd>Department of State</kwd><kwd>Soviet-American relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Немчанинов Д. Г. Советизация Польши: восприятие и политика США, 1945–1949 гг. // США &amp; Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 2023. № 6. С. 106–122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Польша в XX веке. Очерки политическои истории. 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