<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник гуманитарного образования</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2411-2070</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Анализ внешней политики Турции в Восточном Средиземноморье в период правления Партии справедливости и развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Turkey's Foreign Policy in the Eastern mediterranean during the Reign of the AKP</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаворонкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhavoronkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>kate28112010@mail.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8836-873X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Middle East Languages, Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><city xml:lang="en">Moscow</city><country xml:lang="en">Russia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><city xml:lang="ru">Москва</city><country xml:lang="ru">Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-27"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-20"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-a06bb527-61bd-4176-be21-d22487998b3b.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В период холодной войны Восточное Средиземноморье рассматривалось исключительно как пространство обеспечения интересов на Ближнем Востоке. Однако сейчас значимость данного пространства увеличилась: Восточное Средиземноморье начало обретать свою субъектность в 2010-х гг. В данной статье предпринята попытка проанализировать восточносредиземноморский вектор внешней политики Турции, который начал формироваться в отдельное направление. Для достижения цели необходимо выполнить следующие задачи: 1) рассмотреть особенности внешней политики в период правления Партии справедливости и развития (далее - ПСР), в том числе и эволюцию внешнеполитических установок от "ноль проблем с соседями" до "века Турции"; 2) на основе речей президента Турции в рамках сессий ГА ООН и установочных документов МИД Турции определить значимость Восточного Средиземноморья для Турции; 3) определить роль Турции в региональном балансе. Исследование ограничено временными рамками: с момента прихода к власти в Турции ПСР в 2002 г. и до 2025 г.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>During the Cold War, the Eastern Mediterranean was viewed solely as a space for securing interests in the Middle East. However, the importance of this region has increased in recent years, and the Eastern Mediterranean has begun to assert its own identity in the 2010s. This article aims to analyze the Eastern Mediterranean dimension of Turkey's foreign policy, which has begun to emerge as a distinct focus. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be completed: first, to examine the features of foreign policy during the rule of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), including the evolution of foreign policy attitudes from "zero problems with neighbors" to "the century of Turkey"; second, based on the speeches of the Turkish President at the UN General Assembly sessions and the guidelines of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to determine the significance of the Eastern Mediterranean for Turkey; third, to identify Turkey's role in the regional balance. The study is limited in time frame: from the time of the AKP's coming to power in Turkey in 2002 until 2025.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Восточное Средиземноморье</kwd><kwd>политика "ноль проблем с соседями</kwd><kwd>доктрина "Голубая Родина</kwd><kwd>тезис "мир больше пяти</kwd><kwd>установка "век Турции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Eastern Mediterranean</kwd><kwd>the policy "zero problems with neighbors</kwd><kwd>the doctrine "Blue Motherland</kwd><kwd>the thesis "the world is more than five</kwd><kwd>the setting "century of Turkey</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Агазаде М. М., Павлова П. М., Николова Г. А. Большое Средиземноморье как комплекс безопасно-сти // Вестник Омского университета. Серия: Исторические науки. 2021. Т. 8, № 3 (31). C. 117–122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Большое Средиземноморье как формирующаяся подсистема международных отношений : монография / под ред. Д. А. Дегтерева, М. М. Агазаде. М. : Аспект Пресс, 2023. 664 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Борьба за Восточное Средиземноморье: интересы и амбиции : коллективная монография / под ред. И. Д. Звягельской ; ИМЭМО РАН. М. : Аспект Пресс, 2022. 288 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е. А. Кипрский вопрос во внешней политике Турции в период правления ПСР // Внешняя политика Турции в период правления Партии справедливости и развития (2002–2023 гг.). К 100-летию республики : коллективная монография. М. : Институт востоковедения РАН, 2023. С. 156–170.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Внешняя политика Турции в период правления Партии справедливости и развития (2002–2023 гг.). К 100-летию республики : коллективная монография. М. : Институт востоковедения РАН, 2023. 338 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Восточное Средиземноморье в поисках нового баланса интересов / П. Гудев, И. Ибрагимов, Ю. Квашнин и др. // Международные процессы. 2021. Т. 19, № 3 (66). С. 104–122. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2021. 19.3.66.7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гаджиев А. Г. Глава 1. Эволюция концептуальных основ внешней политики Турции в период правления ПСР // Внешняя политика Турции в период правления Партии справедливости и развития (2002–2023 гг.). К 100-летию республики : коллективная монография. М. : Институт востоковедения РАН, 2023. С. 12–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гаджиев А. Г. Проблемы Восточного Средиземноморья в отношениях между Турцией и ЕС (2018–2020 гг.) // Экономические, социально-политические, этноконфессиональные проблемы афро-азиатских стран. 2022. № 5. С. 204–222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гасратян С. Отношения Израиля и Турции на современном этапе и исламский фактор // Междуна-родная жизнь. 2016. № 4. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1474 (дата обращения: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Горбунова Н. М., Иванова И. И. Борьба за шельф Восточного Средиземноморья: итоги и перспективы // Вестник Института востоковедения РАН. 2020. № 2(12). С. 67–72. DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2020-2-64-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гудев П. А. Основы турецких притязаний в Восточном Средиземноморье // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения. 2021. Т. 21, № 3. С. 472. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-3-472-486.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гудев П. А. Конфликтный потенциал Восточного Средиземноморья // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2022. Т. 66, № 3. С. 130–138. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-130-138.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Давутоглу А. Внешняя политика Турции и Россия // Россия в глобальной политике. 2010. Т. 8, № 1. С. 61–70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Иванова И. И. Эволюция ближневосточной политики Турецкой Республики (1923–2016). М. : Аспект Пресс, 2017. 424 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Иванова И. И. Эволюция ближневосточной политики Турецкой Республики в XX–XXI вв. / под ред. А. В. Штанова ; МГИМО МИД России. М. : Издатель Воробьёв А. В., 2019. 380 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Костенко Ю. И. «Новая периферия» как фактор укрепления израильских позиций на Ближнем Востоке // Вестник МГИМО Университета. 2016. № 2 (47). С. 134–144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Наумкин В. В. Глава 1. Восточное Средиземноморье в окружающем мире // Борьба за Восточное Средиземноморье: интересы и амбиции : коллективная монография / под ред. И. Д. Звягельской. М. : Аспект Пресс, 2022. С. 18–32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Парланова А. Т. Турция vs Египет в Восточном Средиземноморье // Конфликтология / nota bene. 2023. № 2. С. 1–11. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2023.2.40119. URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40119 (дата обращения: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Свистунова И. А. Турецко-греческие отношения на новом этапе: от напряженности к потеплению // Восточная аналитика. 2024. Т. 15, № 2. С. 103–112. DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2024-02-103-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ульченко Н. Ю. Новый путь Турции? // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2012. № 6. С. 90–101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ульченко Н. Ю., Шлыков П. В. Динамика российско-турецких отношений в условиях нарастания глобальной нестабильности / отв. ред.: В. В. Наумкин. М. : Институт востоковедения РАН, 2014. 95 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Шлыков П. В. Внешняя политика Турции в постбиполярной системе координат // Международная аналитика. 2021. Т. 12, № 2. С. 130–152.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Ak Parti’de yeni Basbakan Binali Yildirim oldu // Akşam. 20.05.2016. URL: https://www.aksam.com.tr/yasam/ak-partide-yeni-basbakan-ne-zaman-aciklanacak/haber-517181/ (дата обращения 25.05.2016).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Bardakçı M. Turkey and the Major Powers in the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis from the 2010s to the 2020s // Comparative Southeast European Studies. 11.10.2022. URL: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/soeu-2021-0071/html (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref25"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Belirsizlikler çağında kararlı ve güçlü Türk dış politikası // T. C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. URL: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/belirsizlikler-caginda-kararli-ve-guclu-turk-dis-politikasi-2025-kitapcik.pdf (дата обращения: 02.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref26"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu’nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 19.09.2023. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/149577/birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref27"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu’nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 24.09.2024. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/153717/birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref28"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler 69'uncu Genel Kurulu Genel Görüşmelerinde Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 24.09.2014. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/2936/birlesmis-milletler-69uncu-genel-kurulu-genel-gorusmelerinde-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref29"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler 72. Genel Kurulunda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 19.09.2017. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/87252/birlesmis-milletler-72-genel-kurulunda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref30"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler 74. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 24.09.2019. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/109804/birlesmis-milletler-74-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref31"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler 77. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 20.09.2022. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/139774/birlesmis-milletler-77-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref32"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">BM Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 22.09.2020. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/122156/bm-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma- (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref33"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">BM 76. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 21.09.2021. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/130649/bm-76-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref34"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Eastern Mediterranean in Uncharted Waters: Perspectives on Emerging Geopolitical Realities / ed. M. Tanchum // Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Ankara. 2021. 132 p. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep28863 (дата обращения: 01.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref35"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">The Scramble for the Eastern Mediterranean. Energy and Geopolitics / ed. V. Talbot // Ledizioni LediPublishing Via Antonio Boselli, 10 – 20136 Milan. 2021. 147 р. URL: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/79253 (дата обращения: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref36"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">“Türkiye Yüzyili”nda Milli Diş Politika // T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. URL: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/genel-gorunum.tr.mfa (дата обращения: 05.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref37"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulunda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. 25.09.2018. URL: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/98783/73-birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulunda-yaptiklari-konusma (дата обращения: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref38"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Agazade M. M., Pavlova P. M., Nikolova G. A. Bol'shoe Sredizemnomor'e kak kompleks bezopasnosti [The Greater Mediterranean region as a security complex] // Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoricheskie nauki – Bulletin of Omsk University. Series: Historical Sciences. 2021. Vol. 8, Is. 3 (31). Pp. 117–122.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref39"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Bol'shoe Sredizemnomor'e kak formiruyushchayasya podsistema mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij : monografia [The Greater Mediterranean as an emerging subsystem of international relations : a monograph] / ed. D. A. Degte-rev, M. M. Agazade. M., Aspect Press, 2023. 664 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref40"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Bor'ba za Vostochnoe Sredizemnomor'e: interesy i ambicii : collect. monografia [The Struggle for the Eastern Mediterranean. Interests and Ambitions : collect. monograph / ed. I. D. Zvyagelskaya ; IMEMO. M., : Aspect Press, 2022. 288 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref41"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva E. A. Kiprskij vopros vo vneshnej politike Turcii v period pravleniya PSR [The Cyprus Issue in Turkey's Foreign Policy during the Period of the AKP] // Vneshnyaya politika Turcii v period pravleniya Partii spravedlivosti i razvitiya (2002–2023 gg.). K 100-letiyu respubliki : kollektivnaya monografiya – Turkey's Foreign Policy during the AKP Rule (2002–2023). Towards the 100th Anniversary of the Republic : a collective monograph. M., Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. Pp. 156–170.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref42"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Vneshnyaya politika Turcii v period pravleniya Partii spravedlivosti i razvitiya (2002–2023 gg.). K 100-letiyu respubliki : collect. monografia [Turkey's Foreign Policy during the AKP Rule (2002–2023). Towards the 100th Anniversary of the Republic : a collective monograph. M., Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023, 338 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref43"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Vostochnoe Sredizemnomor'e v poiskah novogo balansa interesov [Eastern Mediterranean in a Search of a New Balance of Interests] / P. Gudev, I. Ibragimov, Y. Kvashnin at al. // Mezhdunarodnye processy – International Trends. 2021. Vol. 19, No. 3 (66). Pp. 104–122. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2021.19.3.66.7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref44"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gadzhiev A. G. Glava 1. Evolyuciya konceptual'nyh osnov vneshnej politiki Turcii v period pravleniya PSR [Chapter 1. Evolution of the Conceptual Foundations of Turkish Foreign Policy during the AKP Governance] // Vneshnyaya politika Turcii v period pravleniya Partii spravedlivosti i razvitiya (2002–2023 gg.). K 100-letiyu respubliki : kollektivnaya monografiya – Turkey's Foreign Policy during the AKP Rule (2002–2023). Towards the 100th Anniversary of the Republic : a collective monograph. M., Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. Pp. 12–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref45"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gadzhiev A. G. Problemy Vostochnogo Sredizemnomor'ya v otnosheniyah mezhdu Turciej i ES (2018–2020 gg.) [Eastern Mediterranean Issues in Turkey-EU Relations (2018–2020)] // Ekonomicheskie, social'no-policheskie, etnokonfessional'nye problemy afro-aziatskih stran – Economic, socio-political, and ethno-religious problems of African and Asian countries. 2022. No. 5. Pp. 204–222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref46"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gasratyan S. Otnosheniya Izrailya i Turcii na sovremennom etape i islamskij faktor [Relations between Israel and Turkey at the Present Stage and the Islamic Factor] // Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn' – International Life. No. 4, 2016. Available at: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1474 (date accessed: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref47"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gorbunova N. M. Bor'ba za shel'f Vostochnogo Sredizemnomor'ya: itogi i perspektivy [Rivalry over the Gas Deposits in the Eastern Mediterranean: Results and Prospects] // Vestnik Instituta vostokovedeniya RAN – Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2020. No. 2 (12). Pp. 67–72. DOI: 10.31696/2618-7302-2020-2-64-79.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref48"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gudev P. A. Osnovy tureckih prityazanij v Vostochnom Sredizemnomor'e [Foundations of Turkish Claims in the Eastern Mediterranean] // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya – Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: International Relations. 2021. Vol. 21, No. 3. P. 472. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-3-472-486.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref49"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Gudev P. A. Konfliktnyj potencial Vostochnogo Sredizemnomor'ya [The Conflict Potential of the Eastern Mediterranean] // Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya – World Economy and International Relations. 2022. Vol. 66, No. 3. Pp. 130–138. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-130-138.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref50"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Davutoglu A. Vneshnyaya politika Turcii i Rossiya [Turkey's Foreign Policy and Russia] // Rossiya v global'noj politike – Russia in Global Politics. 2010. Vol. 8, No. 1. Pp. 61–70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref51"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ivanova I. I. Evolyuciya blizhnevostochnoj politiki Tureckoj Respubliki (1923–2016) [The Evolution of the Middle East Policy of the Turkish Republic (1923–2016)]. M., Aspect Press, 2017. 424 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref52"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ivanova I. I. Evolyuciya blizhnevostochnoj politiki Tureckoj Respubliki v XX–XXI vv. [The Evolution of the Middle East Policy of the Turkish Republic XX–XXI century] / ed. A. V. Shtanov // MGIMO-University. M., Vorobyov A. V., 2019. 380 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref53"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Kostenko Yu. I. "Novaya periferiya" kak faktor ukrepleniya izrail'skih pozicij na Blizhnem Vostoke ["New Periphery" as a Factor for Strengthening the Positions of Israel in the Middle East] // Vestnik MGIMO Universita – MGIMO Review of International Relations. 2016. No 2 (47). Pp. 134–144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref54"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Naumkin V. V. Glava 1. Vostochnoe Sredizemnomor'e v okruzhayushchem mire [Chapter 1. The Eastern Mediterranean in the World around It] // Bor'ba za Vostochnoe Sredizemnomor'e: interesy i ambicii : kollektivnaya monografiya – The Struggle for the Eastern Mediterranean. Interests and Ambitions : collective monograph / ed. I. D. Zvyagelskaya // IMEMO. M., Aspect Press, 2022. Pp. 18–32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref55"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Parlanova A. T. Turciya vs Egipet v Vostochnom Sredizemnomor'e [Turkey vs Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean] // Konfliktologiya – Conflict Studies / nota bene. 2023. No. 2. Pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0617.2023.2.40119. Available at: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40119 (date accessed: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref56"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Svistunova I. A. Turecko-grecheskie otnosheniya na novom etape: ot napryazhennosti k potepleniyu [Turkish-Greek Relations at a New Stage: from Tension to Warming] // Vostochnaya analitika – Eastern Analytics. 2024. Vol. 15, No. 2. Pp. 103–112. DOI: 10.31696/2227-5568-2024-02-103-112.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref57"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ulchenko N. Yu. Novyj put' Turcii? [The New Path of Turkey?] // Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya – World Economy and International Relations. 2012. No. 6. Pp. 90–101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref58"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ulchenko N. Yu., Shlykov P. V. Dinamika rossijsko-tureckih otnoshenij v usloviyah narastaniya global'noj nestabil'nosti [Dynamics of Russian-Turkish Relations in the Context of Growing Global Instability] / ed. V. V. Nau-mkin / M., Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2014. 95 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref59"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Shlykov P. V. Vneshnyaya politika Turcii v postbipolyarnoj sisteme koordinat [Turkey's Foreign Policy in the Post-Bipolar Coordinate System] // Mezhdunarodnaya analitika – International Analytics. 2021. Vol. 12, No. 2. Pp. 130–152. DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-2-130-152.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref60"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Ak Parti'de yeni Basbakan Binali Yildirim oldu // Akşam. 20.05.2016. Available at: https://www.aksam.com.tr/yasam/ak-partide-yeni-basbakan-ne-zaman-aciklanacak/haber-517181/ (date accessed 25.05.2016).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref61"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Bardakçı M. Turkey and the Major Powers in the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis from the 2010s to the 2020s // Comparative Southeast European Studies. 11.10.2022. Available at: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/soeu-2021-0071/html (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref62"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Belirsizlikler çag ında kararlı ve gu çlu Tu rk dış politikası // T. C. Dışişleri Bakanlıg ı. Available at: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/site_media/html/belirsizlikler-caginda-kararli-ve-guclu-turk-dis-politikasi-2025-kitapcik.pdf (date accessed: 02.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref63"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 19.09.2023. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/149577/birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref64"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 24.09.2024. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/153717/birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref65"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler 69'uncu Genel Kurulu Genel Go ru şmelerinde Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 24.09.2014. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/2936/birlesmis-milletler-69uncu-genel-kurulu-genel-gorusmelerinde-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref66"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler 72. Genel Kurulunda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 19.09.2017. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/87252/birlesmis-milletler-72-genel-kurulunda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref67"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler 74. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 24.09.2019. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/109804/birlesmis-milletler-74-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref68"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler 77. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 20.09.2022. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/139774/birlesmis-milletler-77-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref69"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">BM Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 22.09.2020. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/122156/bm-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma- (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref70"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">BM 76. Genel Kurulu'nda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 21.09.2021. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/130649/bm-76-genel-kurulu-nda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.202).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref71"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Eastern Mediterranean in Uncharted Waters: Perspectives on Emerging Geopolitical Realities / ed. M. Tanchum // Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Ankara. 2021. 132 p. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep28863 (date accessed: 01.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref72"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">The Scramble for the Eastern Mediterranean. Energy and Geopolitics / ed. V. Talbot // Ledizioni Publishing Via Antonio Boselli, 10 – 20136 Milan. 2021. 147 р. Available at: https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/79253 (date accessed: 15.06.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref73"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">"Türkiye Yüzylinde Milli Diş Politika" // T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. Available at: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/genel-gorunum.tr.mfa (date accessed: 05.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref74"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulunda Yaptıkları Konuşma // T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlıg ı. 25.09.2018. Available at: https://www.tccb.gov.tr/konusmalar/353/98783/73-birlesmis-milletler-genel-kurulunda-yaptiklari-konusma (date accessed: 05.07.2025).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
